ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: To investigate if the administration of boric acid (BA) would exert any protective effect against possible nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by the exposure to acrylamide (ACR) in rats. In our study, we used a total of 28 rats that were divided into four equal groups. Group 1: the control group which was not treated with any procedure. Group 2: the ACR group that was administered ACR 50 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal (i.p) route for 14 days. Group 3: the BA group that was administered BA 200 mg/kg/ day via gavage via peroral (p.o) route for 14 days. Group 4: the ACR+BA group that was administered BA simultaneously with ACR. Total antioxidant and oxidant (TAS/TOS) capacities were measured in all groups at the end of the experiment. In addition, the specimens obtained were evaluated with histopathological examination. Studies showed that the ACR and ACr+BA groups were not significantly different in terms of hepatic TAS level while the TOS level was higher in the ACR group than the ACR+BA group. The groups did not show any significant difference regarding renal TAS and TOS levels. In the histopathological examination of the hepatic tissue, the histopathological injury score of the ACR group was significantly higher than those of the other groups whereas it was significantly lower in the ACR+BA group than the ACR group. Our study concluded that Boric acid had a protective effect against acrylamide- induced hepatotoxicity, but not against nephrotoxicity.
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar si la administración de ácido bórico (BA) ejercería algún efecto protector frente a la posible nefrotoxicidad y hepatotoxicidad inducida por la exposición a acrilamida (ACR) en ratas. En nuestro estudio, utilizamos un total de 28 ratas que se dividieron en cuatro grupos iguales. Grupo 1: grupo control que no fue tratado. Grupo 2: grupo ACR al que se le administró ACR 50 mg/kg/día por vía intraperitoneal (i.p) durante 14 días. Grupo 3: grupo BA al que se le administró BA 200 mg/kg/día por sonda por vía peroral (p.o) durante 14 días. Grupo 4: grupo ACR+BA al que se administró BA simultáneamente con ACR. Las capacidades antioxidantes y oxidantes totales (TAS/TOS) se midieron en todos los grupos al final del experimento. Además, los especímenes obtenidos fueron evaluados con examen histopatológico. Los estudios demostraron que los grupos ACR y ACr+BA no fueron significativamente diferentes en términos del nivel hepático de TAS, mientras que el nivel de TOS fue mayor en el grupo ACR que en el grupo ACR+BA. Los grupos no mostraron ninguna diferencia significativa con respecto a los niveles renales de TAS y TOS. En el examen histopatológico del tejido hepático, la puntuación de lesión histopatológica del grupo ACR fue significativamente mayor que la de los otros grupos, mientras que fue significativamente menor en el grupo ACR+BA que en el grupo ACR. Nuestro estudio concluyó que el ácido bórico tiene un efecto protector contra la hepatotoxicidad inducida por acrilamida, pero no contra la nefrotoxicidad.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Boric Acids/administration & dosage , Acrylamide/toxicity , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control , Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control , Biochemistry , Protective Agents/administration & dosage , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Acute Kidney Injury/pathology , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/physiopathology , Liver/drug effects , Liver/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Aims: Our study was undertaken to examine the laboratory and clinical features of pernicious anemia patients presenting initially at the Turgut Ozal Medical Center, which serves as an important tertiary health center in Eastern Anatolia. Study Design: Among patients evaluated for etiology of anemia, we analysed the clinicopathological characteristics of 300 (158 females and 142 males) patients with pernicious anemia retrospectively. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Hematology, Inonu University School of Medicine, between 1996 and July 2011. Methodology: Full blood counts, thyroid hormone levels, liver function tests and LDH levels were reviewed for 300 patients with pernicious anemia retrospectively. Peripheral blood smears and bone marrow biopsies were reviewed by a hematologist. Endoscopic examination and ultrasonographic inspection were performed for atrophic gastritis, gallbladder stones and hepatosplenomegaly for all patients. Laboratory values, ages, signs and symptoms of patients at the time of diagnosis were compared between genders. Results: The mean age of the female patients was 50.56 ± 17.75 years (17–84), while that of the male patients was 57.24 ± 15.78 (20–95) years. At the time of diagnosis, the male patients were older than the females (p = 0.002). LDH levels were significantly higher for females (p = 0.043). The incidence of gallstones was significantly higher in females (25.4%) than in males (10.7%) (p = 0,001). Pancytopenia was defined as a hemoglobin level lower than 10 gr/dl, leukocytes lower than 1.500/μL and platelets lower than 150.000/μL and the incidence of pancytopenia was 41.3% (n = 65) and 50.7% (n = 71) in the female and male patients, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference for frequency of thyroid disease or symptoms and signs at the time of diagnosis between genders. Conclusions: Pernicious anemia is not a disease of only elderly women; it can be seen in both men and women of younger ages. It is seen nearly as often in women as in men. Gallstones and abnormal thyroid activity can be observed at these patients at the time of diagnosis; therefore, these findings should be considered.